Cancer is one of the most serious and widespread health concerns in the world. Understanding its basics is the first step toward awareness, early detection, and effective prevention. This article breaks down what cancer is, what causes it, common symptoms to watch for, and how to reduce your risk.
What is Cancer?
Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled division and growth of abnormal cells in the body. These cells can form tumors, invade nearby tissues, and sometimes spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body through the blood or lymph systems.
Common Causes and Risk Factors
- Genetic Factors: A family history of cancer can increase your risk.
- Smoking and Tobacco Use: Linked to various cancers, especially lung, mouth, and throat.
- Unhealthy Diet: High consumption of processed foods and red meat may contribute.
- Lack of Physical Activity: Sedentary lifestyle can lead to obesity, a risk factor for many cancers.
- Exposure to Radiation or Chemicals: Such as UV rays or asbestos.
- Viral Infections: HPV, Hepatitis B and C are linked to cancers like cervical and liver cancer.
- Alcohol Consumption: Excessive drinking can increase the risk of liver, breast, and other cancers.
Common Symptoms of Cancer
Unexplained weight loss
Persistent fatigue
Pain that doesn’t go away
Changes in the skin or moles
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Persistent cough or trouble breathing
Lumps or swelling
Note: These symptoms can be related to other health conditions, so medical evaluation is necessary.
Prevention Tips
Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol
Maintain a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables
Exercise regularly
Get regular screenings and check-ups
Protect yourself from harmful sun exposure
Get vaccinated (e.g., HPV and Hepatitis B vaccines)
Be aware of your family history
Conclusion
Cancer can affect anyone, but being informed helps with early detection and prevention. Living a healthy lifestyle, getting screened, and avoiding risk factors can go a long way in reducing your chances of developing cancer.
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